What does John Proctor struggle with throughout the play?

Throughout "The Crucible," John Proctor's struggle with guilt is a central theme that drives much of the plot and his character development. Proctor grapples with the remorse he feels for his past infidelity with Abigail Williams, which weighs heavily on him and affects his sense of self-worth. This guilt not only haunts him but also influences his actions throughout the Salem witch trials. His internal conflict arises from the tension between his desire for redemption and the society around him that is quick to condemn.

Proctor's guilt culminates in his ultimate decision to stand against the injustices of the trials, as he strives to reclaim his integrity and protect his family. This struggle showcases the personal consequences of the larger societal hysteria and highlights themes of honor, reputation, and moral choice that are pivotal in the play. Thus, his guilt is the driving force behind his character's arc, leading him to confront both his personal sins and the collective madness surrounding him.